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Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic disease that affects the skin. It is characterized by dry skin that suffers frequent inflammation, producing an intense itch and scratching that facilitates infection.

Atopy means "out of place". Is a relatively frequent disease, non contagious and in most cases benign. Its evolution is long, and involves relapse, alternated with periods of remission.

Dermatitis Atópica

Specifically, it's an alteration of the hydrolipidic barrier of the skin, responsible for regulating water loss and inhibiting the absorption of undesirable substances. There is an alteration of the immune system: the allergen is not eliminated correctly which is conducive to an allergic reaction, the itching and chronification of the injury (substances causing allergies: domestic dust, mites, hairs...). As a result, there is a secondary skin infection: staphylococci aureus (93% in diseased skin and 76% in healthy one)..

Atopy encompasses a group of allergic diseases that can affect several members of a same family. Patients with atopic dermatitis often have family members who suffer from asthma, allergic rhinitis, or hay fever. 

The disease appears at any age, but especially in childhood and adolescence. Atopy lesions itch a lot. Although they are cured with time (before adolescence), it can last several years. Patients are very susceptible to virus infections, such as herpes simplex, chickenpox and zonal herpes, which means they must avoid contact with people that suffer from these diseases, since becoming infected could cause more problems than usual. Patients with atopic dermatitis will also very likely develop allergic reactions to penicillin, serums and certain medications, so the administration of these medications should be discussed with your dermatologist.

Baby form of the disease

It occurs after the first three months following birth. A "wet" redness can be appreciated in cheeks and forehead. Also affects the neck and upper part of the thorax. The disease goes away on its own in 50% of cases.

Infantile form of the disease

Dermatitis is exudative and scabby, accompanied by an exasperating itch. It is located in face and scalp, although spots frequently appear in other areas. The itching can alter the child's sleep, who scratches and cries. Half of the children recover from disease before age two, but in other children disease becomes chronic, and the skin becomes dry, brown, scaly and thick. The disease can disappear in this phase in 50% of cases.

Juvenile and adult form of the disease

12-14 years and onwards The rash is located in the folds of limbs, hollow of the elbows and knees, face, neck, and thorax. Skin itches terribly to the point that patients scratch until they bleed and scabs appear. In this phase, it tends to disappear in 75% of cases.

The inconvenience and duration of atopic dermatitis can be reduced considerably by following an adequate treatment and skin care.

-Food: Bananas, strawberries, chocolate, oranges and tomatoes should be avoided, as well as foods that are seen to aggravate the disease when ingested by the child. 

-Clothing: Avoid wool garments. Cotton garments are recommended. Wash new clothes before dressing the child with them. Do not use strong detergents and softeners when washing the clothes, and rinse thoroughly. Avoid tight clothing.

-Room: No dust (it contains mites which aggravate the eczema). There should be no carpets nor wool curtains in the room, and if possibly they will be acrylic. Also, avoid stuffed animals and plants.

-Environment: At home and in places where the child plays there should be no flowering plants, just as the child should not frequent gardens in times of pollination. Avoid pets (cats, dogs and birds).

-Sun: Use sunscreens with a neutral pH. Avoid exposing the child to the sun between 11 and 3 pm. 

-Hygiene: Nails should be short and clean to avoid infection of lesions due to scratching. Do not use cologne or normal soaps for body hygiene. Do not bathe excessively. In general, bath frequency is 2-3 times a week. Bathing is better before or after dinner, or at least 1 hour before bedtime. Water should not be too hot. Sometimes using the bathtub is better than the shower. Use mild soaps, with a neutral pH and soaps without detergent. After the bath it is advisable to use as lubricant a pH neutral body milk. If you are bathing in swimming pools, you should shower afterwards.

-Scratching: Avoid scratching, since it stops skin healing. Avoid bathroom brushes and use a soft sponge. In order to reduce itching you may recommend medications. If the itching is very strong apply on the injury cold cloths during 2 minutes, 2-3 times. If the itch is not relieved, try hot packs or alternate hot and cold cloths. Cortisone creams are prescribed to reduce inflammation and itching. 

-Other tips: Avoid rapid temperature changes (moving from a cold room into a hot one) and any strenuous exercise that causes sweating. Warm, dry weather is the most advisable climate. If oozing or scabbing appears, go to your dermatologist.

Active ingredients

-Niacinamide (Lipid complex): leads to an increase of the main components of the protection barrier of the skin. Increases lipids, proteins and keratin and rebuilds the lipid mantle of atopic skin. Reduces trans-epidermal water loss, improves the barrier function and antimicrobial activity of lipids.

-Tranexamic Acid (T-AMCHA): inhibits urokinase and prevents the formation of plasmin. Prevents the abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes (epidermal hyperplasia), skin dryness and achieves repair of the barrier function of the stratum corneum.

-Boswellic acids: moisturizing. Inhibit 5-Lipoxygenase.

-Glycyrrhetinic acid: agent with antiseptic properties, anti-irritant and soothing effects. Inhibits 11-Hydroxy-steroid, enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of cortisol to cortisone.

-Milk protein: modulate the immune response (IL-8). Interleukin 8 (IL-8) is a cytokine of pro-inflammatory nature.